Impact of Television on American Family Life Essay

Effect of Television on American Family Life - Essay Example It has been determined that, the time spent by every American family in sitting in front of the TV, for span of multi week, is around fifty one hours. (2) Based on the measurable figures expressed in the first section, there is no delay in coming to a legitimate end result. The quality time spent by relatives, by connecting with one another, is being undermined. Also, that is exclusively with the end goal of not missing their preferred shows on the TV. This pattern is consistently prompting a situation where the bond between relatives is gradually getting debilitated. The time that was apportioned for relatives, in the pre-TV period, is presently being given to TV. TV has been effective in getting the full focus of individuals, and has likewise figured out how to take a ground-breaking grasp of their lives. TV extends a negative picture of family Apart from the disservices of TV that have been stressed upon, prior, it (TV) is demonstrating its negative effect in another way. There is currently no deficiency of TV programs, which delineate guardians in helpless light. There are presently numerous shows, in which, guardians are appeared as coming up short on the capacity to both take legitimate consideration of kids, and furthermore to be effective throughout everyday life. At the same time, youngsters are being portrayed as the individuals of family who are progressively proficient and subsequently reserving each privilege to scrutinize the guardians. In the TV appears, the character of a family senior is anticipated just like a humorist who is forced to bear appalling jokes. All these leave a solid impact on the delicate personalities of youngsters who, attributable to all the stuff being appeared on TV, would wind up ignoring family esteems. They would show meager regard towards the... While talking about the negative impacts of TV on American family life, a notice should be made of the unscripted TV dramas, which have increased massive prominence. This article favors that the genuine and solid answer for any pressure causing issue can be shown up at, just when there is a healthy communication between individuals from a family. What's more, it is this very connection that is reliably getting less and less, graciousness the over significance being given to TV. Various examinations completed in the road of â€Å"Impact of TV on American family life† have indicated that, families with constrained salary are getting progressively dependent on TV. There without a doubt is a profoundly legitimate purpose behind that. When contrasted and different methods for amusement, a TV is the one that fits into the spending plan of low pay family units. Particularly, it is seen that, if TV sets are available in rooms of youngsters, there is each likelihood that they could get separated from other relatives. Kids would then show no tendency towards going to different family occasions. This report makes an end the focal point of this exposition is bound to expounding upon the unfavorable effects of TV, just corresponding to family life. There are a few different downsides of TV like expanded danger of weight and individuals getting uninvolved, and so forth, that have not been examined here. The subject of the paper is a comprehensive one and it is absurd to expect to cover all the related focuses in a concise article, for example, this one. However, a true endeavor has been made to cover the a large portion of the significant perspectives.

F Scott Fitzgerald First Rate Intellegence Essays

F Scott Fitzgerald First Rate Intellegence Essays F Scott Fitzgerald First Rate Intellegence Essay F Scott Fitzgerald First Rate Intellegence Essay Top notch Intelligence F. Scott Fitzgerald said that The trial of a top notch insight is the capacity to hold two restricted thoughts in the psyche simultaneously and still hold the capacity to work. XX I think this announcement is valid. XX Intelligence is an exceptionally wide term that can mean heaps of things to loads of various individuals, to F. Scott Fitzgerald knowledge meaner tolerating your supposition as well as different people groups too. When you understand somebody elses perspective on something, at exactly that point can you genuinely comprehend your own. The idea of holding two restricting thoughts inside your head is an extremely hard one to grapple with. Frequently we have our own assessment and that is the just a single we ever think about. When we can see the two sides of things or a restricted thought that is the point at which we can reconsider our idea and check whether it is a decent one in any case. When you can have the two restricted musings in your psyche you despite everything must have the option to work too. Once in a while when we can see the two sides we can get got up to speed and not have the option to work. Having the option to work while having the two contradicted thoughts in your mind simultaneously is an excellent expertise to have. Future workers couldn't want anything more than to have somebody who can see the two sides of a circumstance. In addition to the fact that it lets you contemplate your thought it lets you see where the other individual is originating from while feeling that. You absolutely should be shrewd to have the option to hold two restricted thoughts in [your] mind simultaneously and still hold the capacity to work that is positively why it is an extraordinary trial of top notch knowledge.

Why America Can Be Called a Land of Unlimited Opportunity Essay

Why America Can Be Called a Land of Unlimited Opportunity - Essay Example These arrangements offer the residents and guests a chance to try sincerely and unafraid to claim property. The American modern development rises each year. The proceeded with mechanical and monetary development, builds openings for work and in this way makes greater business. America is among the world countries with the best vehicle foundation. The accessibility of extraordinary vehicle offices like the electric trains, unequaled street framework, remarkable air terminals and harbor has supported business and monetary strengthening ventures. Individuals land to positions on schedule; exchanging exercises are made simpler and auspicious. Business openings are perpetual in America. America is among the world countries with the most extraordinary innovation. Truth be told, mechanical developments are made on normal premise. Headway in innovation has made life simpler and furthermore made more openings for work. The pace of interest in America is high. The tremendous land masses give space for speculation. Thusly, the American government bolster both open and private speculation making America to be among the best places to contribute over the world. Moreover, speculation is likewise supported by the solid security instruments set up. Truth be told, America has the most remarkable security and military powers on the globe. Fundamentally, openings in American can't be

Schizophrenia - A Genetic and Environmental Review - Free Essay Example

Introduction Schizophrenia is defined as a severe brain disorder characterized by disturbances of thoughts, perceptions, volition, and cognition, which affects about 1% of the world population today (Ozawa et al., 2006, p. 546). The disorder can be incapacitating to those who live with it and prevent normal societal function. Despite its frequency in the population, scientists and medical professionals still struggle to find a conclusive explanation for why some develop schizophrenia. This may be in part due to its ties to both environmental and genetic factors. Throughout the literature there are extensive hypotheses on what the contributing factors to development of the disorder are, but a consensus remains that no one factor defines susceptibility. Environmentally, Adult onset of schizophrenia seems to be linked to neonatal care. Maternal viral infection (Ozawa et al., 2006) as well as maternal vitamin D deficiency from improper diet and sunlight intake (Pluta, 2010) leads to small but significant increases in offspring disorder development. Genetic pre-disposition is also a well-known factor to be considered. Currently well researched, disruption of dopaminergic pathways in schizophrenic patients are becoming more prevalent as it seems to play a crucial role in symptomology of the disorder. More speci fically, abnormal dopamine function appears to give rise to much of the positive symptoms (psychosis) (Abi-Dargham et al., 2000). In addition to the factors that increase likelihood of development, treatment is heavily discussed in the literature. Medication is a crucial baseline component to treatment as it can keep patients functional, so that other psychosocial therapies can occur. Unfortunately, the symptomology that demands medication also prevents approximately 50% of patients from maintaining a regimen. Increased numbers of environmental treatments are being researched to rectify this (Velligan et al., 2008). Schizophrenia is generally a hard disease to measure because its symptoms vary widely across the population. The 2 domains that most of the symptoms fit within are positive are negative. Positive symptoms are analyzed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. This scale accurately places how severe a patients symptoms (psychosis, delusions, etc.) are and detects changes over time. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) rates how severely a patient presents in the 5 categories on th e scale. (Lindenmayer, Harvey, Khan, Kirkpatrick, (2007). Unfortunate limitations to these measurement scales are that patients frequently go on and off medications making it hard to monitor improvement in symptoms over time. Also, patients can cross lines from one subtype to another as well as more minor subtypes, making categorization difficult. Genetic Studies The effect of dopamine on Schizophrenia has recently begun to be heavily investigated in the scientific community. Dopamine receptors, specifically D2 appear to be a probable contributing factor to the classic symptoms of Schizophrenia. The receptor availability of dopamine was measured in patients at the standard level as well as after drug administration to reduce available dopamine in 36 subjects. 18 of these subjects were Schizophrenic patients and the other 18 were matched controls. The dopamine receptor availability in each subject was measured with single-photon computerized emission tomography (SPECT) and the drug administered to reduce dopamine concentration was ? ±-methyl-para-tyrosine (? ±-MPT). Upon the first initial analysis, no significant difference in standard dopamine receptor availability was noted between the Schizophrenic and control subjects. However, after a decrease in available dopamine, significant results arose (Abi-Dargham et al., 2000). Upon depletion of dopamine with ? ±-MPT, there was a significant increase in receptor availability in both Schizophrenic patient s and control subjects. This is an intuitive explanation as a decrease in dopamine would trick the brain into believing it needs more receptors to reach its normal level of dopamine binding. However, the increase in dopamine receptor availability was significantly higher in patients with Schizophrenia (19% ? ± 11%) compared to the control subjects (9% ? ± 7%) after the drug treatment. This data is illustrated below (Figure 1). Through this data it can be deduced that if much of the dopamine was reduced by ? ±-MPT, then there would be a difference of 8% ? ± 6%, compared to 15% ? ± 7% of D2 receptors filled in the control vs. Schizophrenic patients, respectively. This data provides significant evidence that contributes to the literature on dopamine involvement with Schizophrenic symptomology. Dopamine appears to be highly involved with the D2 receptor in patients with Schizophrenia, but not as much in the normal population (Abi-Dargham et al., 2000). In addition to dopaminergic activity, other underlying molecular mechanisms may also play a role in schizophrenia development. Microarray technology was utilized to examine gene expression patterns in 24 schizophrenic or control patients. This technology can pinpoint differential gene expression patterns, and the underlying molecular mechanisms can then be examined. Experimental analysis was conducted on subjects diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and controls, all of whom died from natural causes. After death the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the subjects was dissected into ~0.5cm tissue cubes. In the 89 genes that showed differential expression patterns in schizophrenic vs. control subjects, a categorical pattern emerged. The majority of these genes were involved in mechanism of signal transduction, neurotransmission, neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and most prominently myelination (Hakak et al., 2001). Of these 5 categories, all but myelination appear to have an i ncrease in gene expression compared to the control. Although not conclusively followed up with, this data indicates that multiple, if not all these genes may play a role in the symptomology of schizophrenia. The downregulation of the myelination genes plays a role in this theory, as the 5 genes in this category all aid in formation of oligodendrocytes. Commonly known, oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the central nervous system. The primary function of myelin is to aid in cell signaling and protect neurons. With deficient production, this can cause significant changes in brain circuitry. In addition, the authors noted that in humans, myelin production by oligodendrocytes within the region examined (prefrontal cortex) begins to occur from late adolescence to early adulthood. This coincides with the period that both men and women begin to report symptoms of schizophrenia development. The conclusion can be drawn that this deficiency may go unnoticed for much of the early stages of lif e, but as myelin production begins this could be a tipping point for disease onset (Hakak et al., 2001). In addition to disruptions in neurological pathways, specific gene loci have begun to be implicated in risk for schizophrenia development. Over 100 of these loci have now been located, however this research remains generally fragmented (Harrison, 2015). This has remained the case because no one aberrant gene can be directly correlated to schizophrenia development. It has been maintained in the literature that multiple aspects of genetic predisposition linked to specific environmental triggers must be connected to lead to a schizophrenia diagnosis. Previous human and animal studies have linked the DISC1 gene to mental illness and schizophrenic phenotype. This gene is involved in numerous activities, making it hard to decipher which aspect of its disfunction may lead to this symptomology. A shortened DISC1 transgene from a human source was inserted under the ? ±CaMKII promoter in C57BL/6 mice. Expression of this gene leads to dominant negative phenotype. Two lines of transgene mice w ere created and compared to one wildtype line. The ? ±CaMKII promoter was chosen specifically because of its role in gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. From 3-8 months of age several behavioral analyses exams and in vivo MRI scans were conducted to survey a wide variety of characteristics in the tg C57BL/6 mice (Hikida et al., 2007). A staple phenotype in a large percentage of schizophrenic patients is abnormal sizing of the lateral ventricles. In vivo MRI scanning of tg line 10 at 6 weeks and 3 months showed significantly larger left lateral ventricles compared to wildtype. In the same line, the ratio between left and right ventricles as well as lateral ventricles to whole brain volume was shown to be larger in tg compared to wildtype, however, this only became significant at 3 months of age. (Figure 2). Behavioral analyses also showed that tg mice had lower pre-pulse inhibition (a measure of cerebral cortex sensorimotor gating) and increased hyperactivity compared to wildtype. These are common characteristics in schizophrenic patients, however other common characteristics such as anxiety, impaired motor coordination, and working memory were not affected (Hikida et al., 2007). Inserting a shortened DISC1 transgene into C57BL/6 mice resulted in tg mice lines that demonstrated significant pathogenic and behavioral traits seen in patients of schizophrenia. This does well to contribute to the present literature that the DISC1 is implicated in some aspects of schizophrenic symptomology and development. Because this transgene came from a human source this gives a strong external validity for generalization to the human population, but as always there may be limitations such as the way this pathology and behavior may shift after years of medical treatment or psychological therapy (Hikida et al., 2007). Environmental Studies Schizophrenia is strongly theorized to be linked to both genetic and environmental causes. A well-known environmental factor that could lead to fetal development of schizophrenia is maternal contraction of viral infection. Evidence from previous studies provided evidence to suggest that maternal viral infection during developmental stages in pregnancy lead to higher rates of fetal schizophrenic development. This viral infection appears to be non-specific as research has been done on influenza, polio, rubella, and measles may all have the same effect. This information led researchers to believe that maternal immune response, particularly inflammatory cytokines, may affecting fetal neurological development rather than the viral infection itself. To simulate this environmental factor in schizophrenic development, double-stranded RNA polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (poly I:C) was utilized. This method was used to replicate a viral infection because it causes a non-disease specific immune reaction. BALB/c mice were bred in the lab and from 2-weeks to 3-weeks post copulation pregnant females were injected with the RNA daily (Ozawa et al., 2006). To measure if the offspring of the poly I:C injected mothers demonstrated characteristics comparable to Schizophrenia, 3 criteria were measured. These were maturational delay, damage to dopaminergic systems, and cognitive impairment. Along with cognitive impairment, the effects of two common anti-psychotic drugs on this were measured. These drugs were clozapine and haloperidol. After in jection the pregnant mothers were observed to gain less weight than expected as well as produce a lower number of pups. The offspring of these mice were measured to have significantly damaged dopaminergic systems as well as cognitive impairment only after maturing into adults. Clozapine and haloperidol also helped to curb the symptoms of the cognitive impairment (Ozawa et al., 2006). This is a very useful animal model for understanding the association between gestational viral infection and offspring schizophrenia risk, however limitations apply to a comparison to a human model. The most significant limitation being that it is still not conclusively known at what stages of pregnancy an infection has the most risk on the fetus. This may skew data that could be obtained in a human study because women may be less inclined to report or remember a viral infection in early stages of pregnancy as they may not realize the effect it has on a fetus that is not showing yet. Interestingly, while the immune system is more susceptible to contracting viruses in colder months like winter and spring, this is also the time of year that vitamin D deficiencies are also most common. This time of year, also coincides with significantly more babies born that will develop Schizophrenia in adulthood. The most direct way to gain vitamin D is through the skin being exposed to sunlight. Thi s obviously becomes less feasible in the winter. Through the processing of vitamin D in the human body, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) is produced. Infant blood samples from the Newborn Screening Biobank were analyzed for concentrations of (25[OH]D3). 424 Danish, schizophrenic and control matched pairs were used (Pluta, 2010). The data indicated a significant variation in the amount of 25[OH]D3 present in newborn blood throughout different months of the year. There was also a significant association between developing Schizophrenia in adulthood and the amount of 25[OH]D3 present in the blood at time of birth. In comparison to the fourth quintile of infants, infants with the highest 20% (first quintile) of 25[OH]D3 at time of birth had a 1.71% relative risk of developing schizophrenia in adulthood, while those in the lowest 20% (fifth quintile) of 25[OH]D3 at time of birth had a relative risk of 2.1% in comparison to the fourth quintile. The relative risks of the development of schizophrenia in controls is shown below (Figure 3). The most interesting component of the research is that while prenatal vitamin D plays a significant role in the future development of schizophrenia, the trend is not linear. Compared to the fourth quintile both the first and fifth quintiles had a higher risk of disease development. It did appear, however, that vitamin D deficiency plays a more prominent role (Pluta, 2010). Through literature analysis it becomes apparent that both genetic and environmental factors play a significant role in the development of schizophrenia. In the realm of treatment for this disease, a multitude of drug treatments are available, some of which are argued to treat better than others (Leucht, 2009). It is also important to consider the effect of environment on drug treatment and patient care for schizophrenia in general. While schizophrenia is a disease that somewhat demands drug treatment to keep patients norma lly functional, the adherence to medication is a significant problem in the population. The symptomology that demands drug adherence also promotes patient disassociation from treatment. Three different environmental treatment approaches were taken on subjects with diagnosed schizophrenics. These treatments were full-CAT treatment, Pharm-CAT, and TAU (treatment as usual). Cognitive adaptation training (CAT) is a personalized treatment designed to promote patients maintaining a medication schedule through a specific environmental setup and organization in the home. Pharm-CAT is essentially the same, however the organization only pertains to specifically medication-related lifestyle components (Velligan et al., 2008). The initial regimens lasted for a period of 9 months and medication adherence was measured through counting of untaken pills during periodic home visits. After this time-period the CAT environments were not removed, but home visits were for another 6 months. Adherence to medication treatments was shown to be significantly higher in both Full-CAT and Pharm-CAT patients compared to usual treatment patients during all stages of the experiment. However, in the area of functional outcomes, Full-CAT patients only performed better than Pharm-CAT in the initial 9 months of the study, and only Full-CAT patients outperformed traditional patients once home-visits were removed (Velligan et al., 2008). This study provides significant data to support how helpful individualized environments can be to medication adherence and normal functioning in patients with Schizophrenia. In all cases patients with any form of CAT treatment outperformed those undergoing their usual treatment. However, this treatment did get less effective when visitors stopped checking in on the patients. This is an important distinction, as a limitation to this treatment is that it does not appear to significantly effective in promoting self-sufficiency in schizophrenic patients (Velligan et al., 2008). References Abi-Dargham, A., Rodenhiser, J., Printz, D., Zea-Ponce, Y., Gil, R., Kegeles, L., . . . Laruelle, M. (2000). Increased Baseline Occupancy of D2 Receptors by Dopamine in Schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(14), 8104-8109. Hakak, Y., Walker, J., Li, C., Wong, W., Davis, K., Buxbaum, J., . . . Fienberg, A. (2001). Genome-wide expression analysis reveals dysregulation of myelination-related genes in chronic schizophrenia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., 98(8), 4746-4751. Harrison, P. (2015). Recent genetic findings in schizophrenia and their therapeutic relevance. Journal Of Psychopharmacology, 29(2), 85-96. Hikida, T., Jaaro-Peled, H., Seshadri, S., Oishi, K., Hookway, C., Kong, D., . . . Sawa. (2007). Dominant-negative DISC1 transgenic mice display schizophrenia-associated phenotypes detected by measures translatable to humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America., 104(36), 14501-14506. Leucht, S., Komossa, K., Rummel-Kluge, C., Corves, C., Hunger, H., Schmid, F., . . . Davis, J. (2009). A Meta-Analysis of Head-to-Head Comparisons of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry., 166(2), 152-163. Lindenmayer, Harvey, Khan, Kirkpatrick. (2007). Schizophrenia: Measurements of Psychopathology. Psychiatric Clinics of North America,30(3), 339-363. Ozawa, Hashimoto, Kishimoto, Shimizu, Ishikura, Iyo. (2006). Immune Activation During Pregnancy in Mice Leads to Dopaminergic Hyperfunction and Cognitive Impairment in the Offspring: A Neurodevelopmental Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 59(6), 546-554. Pluta, R. (2010). Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. JAMA, 304(18), 1996. Tseng, K., Lewis, B., Lipska, B., ODonnell, P. (2007). Post-Pubertal Disruption of Medial Prefrontal Cortical Dopamineâ€Å"Glutamate Interactions in a Developmental Animal Model of Schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry.,62(7), 730-738. Velligan, D., Diamond, P., Mintz, J., Maples, N., Li, X., Zeber, J., . . . Miller, A. (2008). The Use of Individually Tailored Environmental Supports to Improve Medication Adherence and Outcomes in Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), 483-493.

Hip Hop Culture Timeline 1970 to 1983

This timeline of hip hop culture traces the beginning of the movement in the 1970s to the early 1980s. This 13-year journey begins with The Last Poets and ends with Run-DMC. 1970 The Last Poets, a collective of spoken word artists release their debut album. Their work is considered a predecessor to rap music as it is part of the  Black Arts Movement. 1973 DJ Kool Herc (Clive Campbell) hosts what is considered the first hip hop party on Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx. Graffiti tagging spreads throughout the boroughs of New York City. Taggers would write their name followed by their street number. (Example Taki 183) 1974 Afrika Bambaataa, Grandmaster Flash and Grandmaster Caz are all influenced by DJ Kool Herc. They all begin DJing at parties throughout the Bronx. Bambaata establishes the Zulu Nation—a group of graffiti artists and breakdancers. 1975 Grandmaster Flash invents a new method of DJing. His method connects two songs during their beat breaks.   1976 Mcing, which came from shouting during DJ sets is formed Coke La Rock and Clark Kent. This art DJ Grand Wizard Theodore developed a further method of DJing—scratching a record under the needle. 1977 Hip hop culture continues to spread throughout the five boroughs of New York City. The Rock Steady Crew is formed by break dancers Jojo and Jimmy D. Graffiti artist Lee Quinones begins painting murals on basketball/handball courts and subway trains. 1979 Entrepreneur and record label owner records the Sugar Hill Gang. The group is the first to record a commercial song, known as â€Å"Rapper’s Delight.† Rapper Kurtis Blow becomes the first hip hop artist to sign to a major label, releasing â€Å"Christmas Rappin† on Mercury Records. New Jersey radio station WHBI airs Mr. Magic’s Rap Attack on Saturday evenings. The late night radio show is considered one of the factors that led hip hop to become mainstream. â€Å"To the Beat Y’All† is released by Wendy Clark also known as Lady B. She is considered on of the first female hip hop rap artists. 1980 Kurtis Blow’s album â€Å"The Breaks† is released. He is the first rapper to appear on national television. â€Å"Rapture† is recorded infusing rap music with pop art. 1981 â€Å"Gigolo Rap† is released by Captain Rapp and Disco Daddy. This is considered the first West Coast rap album. At Lincoln Center in New York City, the Rock Steady Crew and Dynamic Rockers battle. News television show 20/20 airs a feature on the â€Å"rap phenomenon.† 1982 â€Å"The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel† is released by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. The album includes tracks such as â€Å"White Lines† and â€Å"The Message.† Wild Style, the first feature film to reveal the nuances of hip hop culture is released. Written by Fab 5 Freddy and directed by Charlie Ahearn, the film explores the work of artists such as Lady Pink, Daze, Grandmaster Flash and the Rock Steady Crew.   Hip hop goes international with a tour featuring Afrika Bambaataa, Fab 5 Freddy and the Double Dutch Girls. 1983 Ice-T releases the songs â€Å"Cold Winter Madness† and â€Å"Body Rock/Killers.† These are considered some of the earliest West Coast rap songs in the gangsta rap genre. Run-DMC releases â€Å"Sucker MCs/It’s Like That.† The songs are played in heavy rotation on MTV and Top 40 radio.

Bernard, The American Politician And The Junior United...

Bernard Bernie Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from Vermont. He is a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2016 election. A Democrat as of 2015,[2] Sanders had been the longest-serving independent in U.S. congressional history, though his caucusing with the Democrats entitled him to committee assignments and at times gave Democrats a majority. Sanders became the ranking minority member on the Senate Budget Committee in January 2015; he had previously served for two years as chair of the Senate Veterans Affairs Committee. Sanders was born and raised in the New York City borough of Brooklyn and graduated from the University of Chicago in 1964. While a student he was an active civil rights protest organizer for the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. After settling in Vermont in 1968, Sanders ran unsuccessful third-party campaigns for governor and U.S. senator in the early to mid-1970s. As an independent, he was elected mayor of Burlington, Vermont s most populous city, in 1981, and was reelected three times. In 1990 he was elected to represent Vermont s at-large congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives. In 1991 Sanders co-founded the Congressional Progressive Caucus. He served as a congressman for 16 years before being elected to the U.S. Senate in 2006. In 2012, he was reelected with 71% of the popularShow MoreRelated Biography of Dwight David Eisenhower Essay4593 Words   |  19 Pageshe was too small to play varsity football, he played w ith the scrubs. Over the summer, he worked hard and the next year started for the baseball and football teams. He was the starting halfback. Papers were even saying that he was a possible All-American. During a midseason game, Ike twisted his knee. 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Reliance on Outsourcing Globalization

Question: Discuss about theReliance on Outsourcingfor Globalization. Answer: Introduction Globalization has become a leading concept and a vital concept in the business life in the current decades. In his study, Velagaleti (2014) points out that globalization affect the economy, business environment, and the society if various ways that directly or indirectly affects the life and progress of business. For instance, enterprises in the developing countries, as well as emerging markets, are now expanding into the global developed economies while offering talented workforce in various facets of professionalism (Greg Burton et al. 2012. P.152). This paper presents a discussion and evaluation on the need for a business to rely on outsourcing and the management implications impact that a business needs to identify and act upon. The paper as well evaluates the effective procedures that the human resource should ensure is followed in the process of outsourcing. Irrespective of the market, the resulting impact is a competition where new business enterprises are flexible supply chains while effectively competing with established markets that have deep resources, customer loyalty, and formidable brands. The current market dynamics hence require a higher level of efficiency as well as true expertise within the business. As a result, Hessami and Baskaran (2015) identify reliance on outsourcing as an essential economic strategy and a business necessity that allows business organizations to focus on their key competencies with the aim of remaining competitive in the global business arena. Outsourcing in business refers to the transfer of a business function activity from a customer or a client to either a foreign or a local third party who can provide the service according to Palley (2010, p. 275). These services can be IT services, human resource, sales and marketing, distribution and logistics, supply chain and delivery, procurement, finance and accounting, and customer call center services among others. In an organization, the decision of outsourcing typically relies on the corporate management or senior levels of the organization as it often contemplated as a larger strategic initiative of the organization (Greg Burton et al. 2012. P.152). Reliance on a well-structured outsourcing strategy and practice should lead to more efficient allocation of responsibilities and roles among the relevant stakeholders and can result in a range of benefits for an organization to remain competitive in the dynamic global market. According to the Pricewaterhouse Coopers report, outsourcing services and providers in the global market predict a high demand as every organization is focusing on competency and expert qualification as a necessity to meet the demands of effective performance in the competitive market. The question hence remains; why are businesses switching towards reliance on outsourcing as a necessary strategy in the current business world? It is a question that every human resource manager needs to know and identify how effective it can be adopted within the organization (Greg Burton et al. 2012. P.152). With continuous research on the better ways to fight the stiff completion and globalization challenges in business, many studies suggest different reasons that make reliance on outsourcing a business necessity. For instance; Disintegration and Fragmentation of the Supply Chain In their study, Munro and Stewart (2014) point out that outsourcing opens the way for new competitors in the maker while undermining profitability and pricing power. For instance, outsourcing of manufacturing can only be feasible when it is separated from the other activities within the supply chain such as product development, marketing, branding, distribution, and after-sales services. The same rules apply when it comes to other forms or levels of the supply chain. In other words, outsourcing more and more activities turns the supply chain into a more disintegrated and fragmented process from a single integrated process forming a collection of disjoint and separate activities across several independent subcontractors. However, Velagaleti (2014) denotes that care should be taken as the disintegration and fragmentation can easily open the way for competitors, shorten the life cycle of products, intensify competition, and squeezed retune to the capital invested. It hence requires prop er decisions among the human resource management to identify the best strategies to adopt depending on the business. The Global Changing Nature of the Technical Work In their study, Christ et al. (2015) denote that technology has brought in service-oriented architecture (SOA) that has been fully adopted in both the developed and developing economies. For instance, web services proliferation and SOA is causing the development of software into smaller units that can easily be mapped in a business process. In most cases, large projects are often difficult to manage and even more complicated in an offshore outsourcing model (De Marchi, Lee Gereffi 2014, p. 887). On the other hand, it is easier to manage small projects that use service-oriented development applications since they are of lower risks and will deliver better value within a short timeframe that will see the business make a move towards real-time enterprise. Rai et al. (2012) denote that it is for this reason that every business is adopting technology to ensure efficiency, effective, quality, and customer satisfaction as major determinant factors of the business performance in the competi tive market. The human resource management is thus able to make effective decisions by accurately mapping the business needs of the organization and making outsourcing very easier, more economical, and profitable for the organization. Compensation Pressure Regarding the economies of scale, quality of life, and domestic spending power, employees in both developed and developing economies require proper compensation (Greg Burton et al. 2012. P.154). As businesses globalize and competition becomes stiff, employers are globally forced to offer more compensations and salaries or packages to the employees, majorly those that are based abroad. Employees are paid depending on their roles, skills, and merits. In his study, Jain (2014) denotes that some employers in the emerging markets use comparatively higher salaries in lowering top talents from other emerging markets while employers who do not compensate accordingly are losing their top employees due to the bountiful opportunities mainly for developing economies. It hence requires the human resource managers to refine their hiring models so as to become fully engage the local citizens in the local markets (Desai, Gerard, Tripathy 2011, p. 150). Some organizations adopt such strategies are t hey benefit only from services that only locals can provide a deep understanding of the local mindset and markets. Collective Activism that is Leveling the Playing Field With globalization, businesses are collaborating hence weakening the top-down control of work and employees leading to the normalization of the regional labor markets (Yang, Wacker, Sheu 2012, p. 4463). As employees in one organization hear about practices in other organizations, their awareness, and demands for equality is increased thus disadvantaging the economies of the labor force. Organizations are thus forced to outsource for better performing organizations to ensure they adopt workforce programs that are in line with the global peers. Similarly, Cao et al. (2013) point out that the value of consumers and workers in developed economies are promulgating globally thus creating pressure across markets to adopt competitive and safe labor practices. The stiff competition between organizations has also caused pressure for equitable practices thus normalizing business operation programs and narrowing the gap among the regional labor rates (Desai, Gerard, Tripathy 2011, p. 150). In such circumstance, reliance on outsourcing will enable organizations to aggressively compete by hiring top talents so as to yield a degree of purity in competitive improvement and compensation. Despite the advantages that an organization can enjoy by relying on outsourcing as a business strategy, Drayse (2011) denotes that outsourcing undermines the relationship of the organization with a third partner such as the local or domestic communities. For instance, shifting jobs and productions overseas have consequences on both sides and often unleash political waves and tidal ideologies that may reverse all the gains from outsourcing reliance according to Jain (2014). The human resource of an organization should realize that people who live in those communities are also not just workers but customers and citizens that the organization directly depends on for its successful performance (De Marchi, Lee Gereffi 2014, p. 887). As consumers of the organizations products, they may decide to boycott the products to cut costs, raise profits, or other personal reasons depending on the relationship between the locals and the organization. Procedures for Effective Outsourcing Strategy for an Organization In their study, Munro and Stewart (2011) point out that different businesses and financial institutions outsource business activities, processes, and functions to enable them meet challenges of technological innovations, cost control, increased specialization, as well as heightened competition. However, the organization increases its risk of depending on third parties hence risking its profile. In response, different sector regulators have introduced guidance related to the management towards risk outsourcing (Davidson, Desai Gerard 2013, p. 42). The guidelines clearly set expectations for federally regulated entities (FRE) outsourcing or contemplating outsourcing their business services or activities to other parties. Levy (2009) denotes that human resource managers should consider these expectations as prudent procedures, standards, or practices that only need to be applied depending on the characteristics of the outsourcing circumstances and arrangements. In this manner, the mana gement of the organization will have the flexibility of configuring their operations in a way that most suits their achievement of their corporate goals and objectives. Drayse (2011) also denotes that the human resource management need not be constrained depending on whether an activity is outsourced, conducted in-house, or even obtained from a third party. The same study hence identifies that the management of an organization is expected to carry some procedures before deciding on the best way to outsource a service. For instance, the human resource managers need to; Develop a process that can determine the materiality of the arrangement Evaluate any associated risk with all the proposed and existing outsourcing arrangements Refrain from relying on outsourcing strategies towards certain business activities such as external auditing Ensure the board of directors within the business, principal officers, and chief agents among other relevant stakeholders receive the sufficient information on the need for outsourcing so that they can discharge their duties towards such a guideline (Yang, Wacker, Sheu 2012, p. 4463). The specific expectations of an organizations reliance on outsourcing may vary depending on the contemplated nature of the outsourcing arrangement as well as the relationship between the organization and the service provider. In his review, Krieg (2013) recommends that organizations should adopt a risk-based approach to assessing the soundness and the safety of the outsourcing strategy on a much consolidated basis so as to understand any possible risks that may result and contemplate on solutions in the event of their occurrences. Organizations that are well managed in the process of risk assessment will require less supervision on the process of outsourcing the services (Davidson, Desai Gerard 2013, p. 42). Therefore, as a supervisory process, the policies and procedures of an institution in the assessment of the outsourcing arrangements as well as associated risks should be subject to a supervisory review. The step is to ensure that the outsourcing strategies adopted by the organi zation will result in a competitive advantage, competency, quality performance, and results. In his study, Ahlstrom (2016) points out that monitoring and assessment are as well necessary to ensure that the outsourcing arrangement services are delivered in a manner that is expected or in agreement with the contract terms. Monitoring can be formal or regular meetings with the periodic reviews and service providers of the arrangement performance on the outsourcing measures according to Krieg (2013, p. 78). In the process, the service provider will have a significant opportunity to advise the organization in the expected results as well as decide on strategies that be adopted in dealing with any negative impact on the process of service delivery. The review of the material outsourcing arrangement is essential in ensuring compliance with the relevant outsourcing procedures and policies (De Marchi, Lee Gereffi 2014, p. 887). Since reliance on outsourcing is a regular organization's business plan, the review should occur periodically by the internal audit department of the organiz ation or any other external or internal independent review provider as long as he has the required skills and knowledge required in the process. The human resource should as well retain the overall accountability of the outsourcing arrangement in order to; Ensure relevant and effective management control over all the outsourcing organization activities Ensure procedures and risk management and outsourcing policies as followed as required Ensure that stakeholder involved in risk management for the outsourcing organizational procedures are aware of the expertise required as well as the expected risks for effective decision-making (Yang, Wacker, Sheu 2012, p. 4463). Verify the accuracy and adequacy of the report from the management information Irrespective of the market, the resulting impact is a competition where new business enterprises are flexible supply chains while effectively competing with established markets that have deep resources, customer loyalty, and formidable brands. The current market dynamics hence require a higher level of efficiency as well as true expertise within the business. As a result, Hessami and Baskaran (2015) identify reliance on outsourcing as an essential economic strategy and a business necessity that allows business organizations to focus on their key competencies with the aim of remaining competitive in the global business arena. However, every business should be careful in following the above strategies to ensure the outsourcing strategies is beneficial and not a disaster to the business. Conclusion Reliance on outsourcing is an essential business strategy. It helps in improving the efficiency in business; speeds up product development, cuts cost on business services and production and allow business organizations to focus primarily on their core competencies. For business organizations that have adopted the strategy, it is evident that outsourcing has enabled them to deal with the forces and challenges of globalization effectively through intensification of their competition level, price, and profit margin. For other organizations, relying on outsourcing has made the major different between going out of the business and staying in business. However, it is also evident that reliance on outsourcing for an organization has its consequences as well that needs to be addressed so as to avoid unintended impacts that can turn the business into a tragedy. With stiff competition and globalization in the business arena, reliance on outsourcing should be one of the major ways that should b e identified by the organizations management. It enables disintegration and fragmentation of the supply chain hence inviting new competitors within the industry, and nurtures corporate complacency. However, care should be taken as the strategy can lead to the organization undermining its relations with the customers, local labor, as well as the local and domestic communities that are as well essential to the effective operation of the business. List of References Ahlstrom, K 2016, 'Is There a Problem With Cognitive Outsourcing?',Philosophical Issues, 26, 1, pp. 7-24, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Cao, L, Mohan, K, Ramesh, B, Sarkar, S 2013, 'Evolution of Governance: Achieving Ambidexterity in IT Outsourcing',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 30, 3, pp. 115-140, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Christ, M, Mintchik, N, Long, C, Bierstaker, J 2015, 'Outsourcing the Information System: Determinants, Risks, and Implications for Management Control Systems',Journal Of Management Accounting Research, 27, 2, pp. 77-120, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Davidson, B, Desai, N, Gerard, G 2013, 'The Effect of Continuous Auditing on the Relationship between Internal Audit Sourcing and the External Auditor's Reliance on the Internal Audit Function',Journal Of Information Systems, 27, 1, pp. 41-59, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. De Marchi, V, Lee, J, Gereffi, G 2014, 'Globalization, Recession and the Internationalization of Industrial Districts: Experiences from the Italian Gold Jewellery Industry',European Planning Studies, 22, 4, pp. 866-884, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Desai, N, Gerard, G, Tripathy, A 2011, 'Internal Audit Sourcing Arrangements and Reliance by External Auditors',Auditing: A Journal Of Practice Theory, 30, 1, pp. 149-171, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Drayse, MH 2011, 'Globalization and Innovation in a Mature Industry: Furniture Manufacturing in Canada',Regional Studies, 45, 3, pp. 299-318, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Greg Burton, F, Emett, S, Simon, C, Wood, D 2012, 'Corporate Managers' Reliance on Internal Auditor Recommendations',Auditing: A Journal Of Practice Theory, 31, 2, pp. 151-166, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Hessami, Z, Baskaran, T 2015, 'Has Globalisation Affected Collective Bargaining? An Empirical Test, 1980-2009',World Economy, 38, 12, pp. 1880-1911, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Jain, M 2014, 'Drivers of Services Sector Growth in India Post Globalization',BVIMR Management Edge, 7, 2, pp. 94-104, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Krieg, A 2013, 'Towards a normative explanation: understanding Western state reliance on contractors using Social Contract theory',Global Change, Peace Security, 25, 3, pp. 339-355, GreenFILE, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Lvy, B 2009, 'New Frontiers in Globalization, Asian Emerging Countries and Governance Issues in the 21st Century',Competition Forum, 7, 1, pp. 243-256, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 201 Munro, L, Stewart, J 2010, 'External auditors reliance on internal audit: the impact of sourcing arrangements and consulting activities',Accounting Finance, 50, 2, pp. 371-387, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Palley, T 2010, 'The Economics of Outsourcing: How Should Policy Respond?',Review Of Social Economy, 66, 3, pp. 279-295, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Rai, A, Keil, M, Hornyak, R, Wllenweber, K 2012, 'Hybrid Relational-Contractual Governance for Business Process Outsourcing',Journal Of Management Information Systems, 29, 2, pp. 213-256, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Velagaleti, S 2014, 'Outsourcing Parenthood? How Families Manage Care Assemblages Using Paid Commercial Services',Journal Of Consumer Research, 41, 4, pp. 911-935, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016. Yang, C, Wacker, J, Sheu, C 2012, 'What makes outsourcing effective? A transaction-cost economics analysis',International Journal Of Production Research, 50, 16, pp. 4462-4476, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2016.

The Dubai Investment Company Change Management

Introduction The topic of change management has solicited a tremendous amount of interest among managers and management scholars in recent times. This has led to an explosion of literature and research on the topic.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Dubai Investment Company Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through change management, organizations are able to guide their employees in embracing changes that are both in the organization and in the organization’s external environment. It begins with the analysis of the existing state of the organization with the aim of determining the exact reason to effect change and the potential of the organization in effecting the change process. The need to understand change management is driven by the rapid changes in the working world due to new technologies and the subsequent realignment of the working environment. These have altered the traditiona l way in which organizations conduct their businesses and the relationships between the employees and their employers. The recruitment in an organization’s human resource goes beyond satisfying the company’s grand strategies and dishing out new job titles. Managers have always struggled with the question of how preferred organizational changes can be driven and effected by the human resource department in order to achieve the maximum intended effect. In this case, the human resource department will be in a position to come up with solid change proposals that the strategic managers can adopt Objectives This project’s aim is to explain how the recruitment in the HR function always drives change in organizations. This is in relation to the corporate truism ‘change or perish’ and demystify the notion that human resource changes are meant to cause disruptions in the organizational structure. It seeks to identify the best way to adopt change management, a s past research has shown that not all corporate changes are successful. Organizations are known to start change management programs which often do not mature hence the failure to achieve the intended goals through organizational change. In as much as this project is limited to the human resource function in change management, it takes a strategic management approach to the whole process and seeks to show the process of effecting real change, which will be reflected in the organization’s profit margins, human resource should not be considered a purely administrative function, but rather a strategic partner in the organization.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This study will specifically concentrate on how the recruitment in the human resource department drives change in organizations and its effect on the existing human capital. It will identify the direct financial implications of these changes that are due to recruitment and also identify the human resource and strategic management models that are credited for the best successes in organizational change. The study will take approximately three months and it will be limited to the Dubai investment company. Relevant literature Tom Baum gives insight into the human resource management practices in the hospitality, tourism or leisure industries which are currently big business in Dubai (Baum 48). Baum (64) also gives an insight on the hospitality sectors that the Dubai Investment runs and the human resource practices in those investment ventures. Another relevant literature to this topic is the work of Sylvie and Witherspoon. In their contribution to this topic, Sylvie and Witherspoon provide insights into the motivations of change in organizations (Sylvie and Witherspoon 54-63). They also show how these changes are linked to the human resource department as they are adopted and incorporated into the strategic management of organizations. On the other hand, Wang (74 provides insights into how public and private organization use recruitment and performance appraisal by the human resource department to effect change in the organization. Wang also gives statistical data to support its suggestions on recruitment and change in organizations. Wang notes that there is a notable change in human resource approaches even in the Middle East where employment regulations have been considered static. Markaz (60) gives insight into the changing corporate information systems especially in companies that operate in the Arab world. He also explores how these changes in information systems are being adopted by organizations especially the Dubai investment company and the Abu Dhabi investment company. In the process of this analysis Markaz (60) also expounds on the process and the consequences of the adoption of various change initiatives. In their analysis of this topic, Matly and Dillon (112 ) gives statistical data on the Dubai economy in general. They also provide insight on the growth of the economy over time as a result of different Dubai investment organization’s adoption of changes in their human resource management.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Dubai Investment Company Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Design This research will employ a survey research design. This research design is relatively effective in obtaining information on the accounts of private authors and institutional data analysts. The selected design is specifically suitable since the population being researched on is relatively large and the phenomena under observation can be observed. The survey research design is often used due to its low cost especially where the information is easily accessible. Since the topic under investigation has greatly gained preeminence in the recent past, t here are numerous sources of information that can easily be utilized through the use of a survey design. Data collection The study will use secondary data where previous articles and statistical reports on the research question will be sampled and reviewed. The works of other authors will be reviewed in reference to the question of how the recruitment in the human resource function always drives change in corporate organizations and the effect of this change to available human capital. This mode of data collection is cheap since it is readily available and it is also effective since it widens the scope of the survey. Data Analysis The statistical data collected will be analyzed by the use of mean, mode and median. Hypothesis will be tested using a T-test. This will be done regardless of whether the collected data had been previously analysed. T-test is used when comparing statistical data models that have been fit to a data set in order to identify the model that best fits the popul ation from which the data was sampled. It also ensures the validity of results as originality and accuracy is maintained as previous biases are eliminated Potential problems Due the nature of secondary information on the Dubai investment company, some of the critical information may be edited and therefore, it may not be easily accessible. Also, some of the company’s records may not be available to the general public which may make the discussion of the research question not to be exhaustively analyzed. However, I will try as much as I can to exhaustively analyze any available internal information that could lead to further insight into the Dubai investment company’s strategic and human resource management strategies and their relation to organizational change.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Baum, Tom. Human resource management for tourism, hospitality and leisure: an International perspective. Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning EMEA. 2006. Print. Markaz al-ImÄ rÄ t lil-DirÄ sÄ t wa-al-Buá ¸ ¥Ã… «th al-IstirÄ tÄ «jÄ «yah. The information revolution and the Arab world: its impact on state and society. Dubai: I.B.Tauris. 1998. Print. Matly, Michael and Dillon, Laura. Dubai Strategy: Past, Present, Future. Boston: Harvard Business School. 2007. Print. Sylvie, George,and Witherspoon, Patricia. Time, change and the American newspaper. New York: Routledge. 2002. Print. Wang, XiaoHu. Performance analysis for public and nonprofit organizations. New York: Jones Bartlett Learning. 2010. Print. This report on The Dubai Investment Company Change Management was written and submitted by user Sincere Schmidt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aitken Spence Hotel

Aitken Spence Hotel The situation The Aitken Spencer hotel is a successful project that has achieved its purpose and goals beyond the initial expectations. Like many projects undertaken in ecologically sensitive places, the project initially generated controversy and invoked resistance among the population of Kandalama community.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Aitken Spence Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the current picture speaks differently about the attitude of the people of Kandalama towards the projects and the awards and recognitions too are a proof that the hotel has lived to its pre construction billing as environmental friendly. The hotel has engaged the surrounding community in different ways which has won their trust and ensured continued support. Corporate social responsibility activities like characterize the current partnership between the people and the project management. First priority job offers to the local youths, scholarships and study centers have ensured the villagers gain first hand from hotel business. Also, the fact that minimal environmental damage has occurred in the environment where the hotel is situated coupled with green waste management techniques have ensured critical support from the stakeholders including employees and even guests. The hotel looks set to continue with the policy of involving the locals in its operations and pursuing green initiatives to conserve the environment and also to cut costs involved in waste disposal. Different location Though there was minimal damage to the environment in Kandalama, the bottom-line remains that the advantages the environment has gained from the project far more exceeds the negative impacts. A different location in Sri Lanka could have undergone changes same way Kandalama did. The time and careful planning that the hotel management ensured minimal damage to the surrounding. The policies that were adopted ensured more merits than demerits for the environment. Given that people anywhere in the country could have raised objections to the environment, Aitken Spencer Hotel management could have made the same adjustments to suit to the community needs and concerns. Therefore, building the hotel anywhere else could have been beneficial to the environment.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, it is difficult to say for sure if the construction in another place could have been better. The current situation in Kandalama is good. The policies and management practices that have been adopted by the hotel leadership could have been applied in another place just like Kandalama. Improved Quality of Life The construction of the hotel came with many advantages for the locals than they had anticipated. The social and community development initiatives that the hotel management put in place helped in greatly turning around the lives of the villagers in Kandalama (Geok Buche, 2008, p 8). The strategies targeted sustainability by focusing on quality, productivity and corporate social responsibility. The quality of life has further been boosted by the bottom up approach with heavy grassroots involvement. The Social and Environmental committee of the hotel implemented projects that touched on public works, education, healthcare, community projects and the environment. Many locals have secured employment, their literacy levels have improved and the environment is still preserved. Perhaps the biggest benefit that the people of Kandalama have had so far is the employment that has come with the setting up of the hotel. The resort has in place a policy to recruit 60% of its staff locally from a radius of 35 miles. Some of the locals who had joined the business in its early days have even risen to the rank of managers giving it a strong local feel on the staff. Locals now enjoy better roads built through the funds contributed by the hotel. There is plenty of water available to schools through the wells drilled by the resort’s support. The village population and the schools also enjoy electricity that was brought to the area thanks to the construction of the hotel. Provision of healthcare is another benefit that the people have enjoyed from establishment of the Hotel in Kandalama. The local population has benefited from the donation of numerous pairs of spectacles by the hotel. Besides, there have been various health campaigns involving glaucoma testing, blood donations and major hospitals repairs thanks to the donations of the Kandalama resort (Geok Buche, 2008, p 8). Before its establishment, the local population faired badly in their international language skills especially English. However that did not deter the management from employing the locals while providing them with the necessary assistance to learn the language.Advertising We w ill write a custom article sample on Aitken Spence Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Educational facilities that have been developed include libraries, an English Language training centre and also a home science theatre. Locals have enrolled in these centers where they are trained in different disciplines equipping them with the necessary skills to work in the hotel and elsewhere. Besides, there have been donations of books, toys and other supplies and equipment. They have employed professionals to coach for sports and sports (Geok Buche, 2008, p 8). Various sponsorships of exhibitions, debates and art competitions while providing schools with maintainace and repairs grants (Geok Buche, 2008, p 8). Community projects focusing on the sensitive and social needs of the community of Kandalama have been commissioned by the hotel, greatly improving the lives of the people. Charitable events such as clean up campaigns, hosting of orphans and disabled people and soldiers from the Sri Lankan war have characterized the community activities that have impacted widely on the community. There are also the donations of housing equipment to the poor, building houses for homeless villagers, and provision of maintainace to building works to temples and other public places. The environment that had generated controversy at the beginning of the projects was also given priority. Besides the locals enjoying the benefits highlighted above, there environment got constant care through the hotels, corporate social responsibility initiatives. The main advantage here is the continuous monitoring of the environment that did not exist before, a boost to the people who rely on it for their survivals and religious needs. The archaeological reserves have been cleaned up while more trees have been donated and planted in the available spaces of the forest. The local population has gained through continuous education on environmental awareness by holding events in public schools. The waste that used to be disposed wholly is now turned into composite waste through the 3R’s and 7R’s management systems (Geok Buche, 2008, p 9).Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are other cash donations that from the hotel guests and management to the local community. Other items that have been donated include lunch packets for the needy people and for school children, curtains and mattresses to hospitals, roofing materials for families and hospitals. Effectiveness of the Environmental protection systems The success of any environment protection measures can only be determined if its judged against the original concerns, how they were addressed and how the outcomes were. The concerns were; deforestation, soil erosion and increase in the production of solid waste in the environment. Very few trees were cut to make way for the construction of the hotel In fact the architect had to modify the hotel design to make sure very few trees were cut during the construction. There were no trees cut. Where necessary, trees were relocated using the â€Å"the root ball† technique that ensured trees survived in their new locations (Geok Buche, 2008, p 4). Wat er did not reduce in the village since forests were not destroyed and the architect’s decided to sink tube wells to access ground water. Even then caution was taken to ensure the vibrations did not harm the environment in any way, especially the soil. This water proved much easier to treat and was a lot more pure which required less energy to treat. Waste management was one of the areas where success was recorded. Initially the focus was on the 3R techniques while later on, the focus shifted to the 7R technique. Through these techniques, recycling has ensured the Kandalama place is solid waste free and almost 100% of the refuse is reused or processes to more useful forms of waste that is beneficial to the community. Hypothesis â€Å"Building the Aitken Spence Hotel increased tourism while having little impact on the local environment and improving the local economy.† The above statement pretty much summarizes the whole case study about the Kandalama resort. Tourism in the Kandalama and Sri Lanka in general increased after the lull in violence and the construction of facilities like the Kandalama Hotel. Many guests arrived in Sri Lanka and used the facility a clear sign that tourism improved after the construction. For instance, there was a group of 135 guests from Lebanon who had visited the place and greatly helped in renovating a school besides donating money to support it. The environment suffered little damage and the waste management initiatives taken after the hotel started its operations ensured an almost zero negative impact on the environment. No trees were cut during and after the construction. The tank that supplied water to the farmers was spared as the hotel sought alternative means of obtaining water and the sacred places of the Monks and Buddhists were unaffected during and after the construction (Geok Buche, 2008, p 5). There was no waste dumped in the village since all was recycled or reused in the hotel and the village. The hot el management formed various committees that sought environmental friendly practices on areas such as water usage, air and sound pollution, solid waste management, ecosystem management and social and cultural development (Geok Buche, 2008, p 8). These committees were responsible for the positive developments that the environment underwent during the construction and after the completion of the project. An environmental management system was integrated into the hotel’s operations and financial management systems highlighting the importance of conserving the environment to the managers and staff. They were trained to incorporate environment conservation into their daily routines (Geok Buche, 2008, p 8). The local economy too improved tremendously after the hotel was constructed in Kandalama. Many youths from the village secured jobs while access to basic amenities like electricity and water was improved. Basic infrastructure like roads, schools and hospitals greatly improved the literacy an d health of the population that in turn helped boost the economy of the region (Geok Buche, 2008, p 9). SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis on the Kandalama hotel is necessary to shed some light on the direction and future of the business in Sri Lanka. Strengths There are many advantages that play to the hotel’s favor and which easily gives the business an upper hand in the tourism sector in Kandalama and the country generally. The friendliness of the surrounding community towards the business is one such advantage. Initially the people were opposed to the project on the grounds that it was going disrupt the natural system and the way of life of the people. However, their change of heart and eventual embracing of the business became a plus to the hotel. The locals were happy with the integration strategies and community development initiatives that the management pursued. Any expansion plans the business may have are therefore likely to enjoy goodwill from the comm unity given that they have already proves their worthiness. The green initiatives put in place to manage the environment are also another strength that Kandalama hotel enjoys in the area. They have helped the hotel cut costs in waste management practices and also helped in the conservation of the environment. Any project they may have on the cards will not depend on initiatives that will start from scratch hence a strength that can be utilized. Weaknesses Though the hotel has many advantages, some factors may not play to its favor. There is risk of creating overdependence among the surrounding population. Any withdrawal of the policies that the locals consider beneficial to them may lead to a backlash. It will be difficult to change the policies that benefit whether they make business sense or not. Compared to other hotels that have not deeply integrated with the surrounding population and can therefore make decisions without fear of backlash, Kandalama hotel is at a disadvantage. O pportunities There are many spots in the country that are underdeveloped or completely undeveloped and offer good prospects for tourists. The hotel can develop the vast areas of the country that have tourism potential. Because of the success of the project, the authorities are likely to agree to such a project. Threats Though conserving the environment, there is a threat of the environmental factors dictating the direction of the business too much. It is almost impossible for hotel management to modify the hotel by eliminating part of the environment where it stands, even if the modification is absolutely necessary. Conclusion The construction of Kandalama hotel can be termed as a success and an exemplary way of involving corporate socials responsibility and business. Its serves to demonstrate how businesses can involve the population to ensure success is achieved and both financial and social goals are achieved. Reference Geok, B Buche, I. (2008). Aitken Spence Hotel Holdings Plc of Sri Lanka: A sustainable tourism as competitive strategy (B). Heritance Kandalama: Asian Business Centre.

E U LAW REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E U LAW REPORT - Essay Example The legal basis for the audit is to inspire cost reduction efforts in the management of EU affairs at the national level by reducing bureaucracy and external interference in issues that should be resolved at the national level. The audit is also aimed at enhancing better participation of UK in the international body and safeguarding UK’s internal democratic ideals and structures. According the William Hague, the EU needs change in how current challenges should be best handled. The reform would streamline competitiveness; guarantee member countries and the entire region a stable Eurozone and expanded democratic goals (Rostron, 2006). Finally, the UK government believes that a clear structure of authority that spans from local, national, and international levels should prevail in order to eliminate chances of duplication of duties and meddling by parties who lack the locus standi in such jurisdictions. Legal basis Justice and law enforcement The European Union has imposed 130 cr ime and law enforcement regulations including warrant of arrest (Costello, 2012). Although, some parties believe the regulations enhance the effort of many enforcement agencies and security apparatus in the war against cross-border crime, the UK government believes such laws infringe on its sovereignty. ... Employment law The EU’s employment and social law envisages the working-time policy whereby there is a limit on the number of hours of service for employees a day. The rationale is based on health and safety grounds. The EU has also imposed policies which regulate casual workforce environment. Long perceived in Conservative lens as a breach of UK’s open labour market, the employment law has brought the Tories and the Liberal Democrats together. The government of the UK feels that there is a decrease in productivity because local investors are forced to adhere to stricter EU terms instead of working under UK’s free labour market. Financial sector The expected establishment of a common banking union has created panic among investors in the banking industry in regard to whether the new measures might infringe on the local and smaller financial institutions (Vletter-van & Helene, 2012). The UK government wants to protect its national interests but it may not be easil y achieved under the current status quo. EU’s influence is enormous in the sector. Regional policy EU’s regulation policy has also prompted Britain to review the rules. One of the fundamental issues raised by detractors of the EU is that the body’s mandate is somewhat unclear. For instance, how come the international body takes colossal sums of money from Britain only to re-channel the money back to the country’s economically weak sectors? (Rostron, 2006) UK’s regions such as Merseyside and Northern Ireland have in the recent past gained lots of support from EU. Like the UK government, critics argue that the country would be better placed to reform EU’s policies and use the money in more productive national sectors. Potential Criticisms Firstly, the government has emphasized that it is

Personal statement for master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal statement for master - Essay Example Knowledge of both principles will guide me in making correct decisions and plan strategies that will be followed by the people in the company. I believe that these two functions in the company should be treated with collaborative effort and as a team to create a culture of harmony in the business. Marketing strategies are the efforts done to create attention, interest, desire and action of consumers while management gives finance and administrative support in doing the strategies. I had a short stint of managing a business because my parents own a shopping center, a market and building rentals in my hometown. My parents assigned to me the purchasing of raw materials and supplies needed for the manufacture of the products needed by our clients. I have learned the process of sourcing through the internet, through trade associations and referrals. From here, I have gathered the basic skills of pricing, comparison, competition and quality control. There were instances that a price of the same raw material will be differently offered by several suppliers. Because of this discrepancy, I became interested in finding the causes why prices behave that way, a little of Economics. In this way, we have exercised cost efficiency in sourcing of raw materials. In management of the company, I have learned how to please customers by maintaining good customer relations, in the same way; I have practiced behavior control of employees working for us. This little knowledge, I hope could be very useful in my studies of Business Management. I am sure that the education that I will learn from this university will play an important role in designing my future in the career path that I have made for my life. This early, I plan to be a successful entrepreneur someday or right after I have finished my studies and apply what I learn in school. With proper educational guidance, I know I will not go wrong in decisions and strategies

The behaviour of firms in spectator sports Essay Example for Free

The behaviour of firms in spectator sports Essay Spectator sports are a very complex type of market structure, with 2 main features of profit maximisation and club success, an issue for clubs is that weather they put sporting success ahead of profit, supporters surely want supporting success, rather than profit maximisation. The premier league has seen great diversity between super elite clubs, whilst others are facing falling revenue, endangering the competition of the league. The market structure is heavily segmented, with a larger number of spectator’s sports in any one sport, with different sports being a Weak substitute this is due to brand loyalty, as viewers will often mainly watch team For instance both Chelsea and Manchester city have spent vast amount of money in the transfer market to improve their strength of their team, by purchasing talented player and other staff. These clubs are backed by wealthy owners. Profit maximisation of player sales is not required; owners are more willing to peruse to improve the success of the club, this includes beating rivals, winning cups and leagues in the future. Number of owners of UK sports clubs especially within football, which don’t see their club as a business, owner of football club may see that success on the pitch may be in turn paying for more talented players and increasing their wage, making the connection of the mangers role of the club down to performance rather than profits earn. Over the recent years there are more ways that firms within the spectator sports industry are able to gain more revenue and profits, such some clubs are listed and public limited companies. This is heavily linked with the objective of profit maximisation as they want a higher share price, done by improving stance of supernormal profit. With demand quite inelastic price discrimination will be used to turn consumer surplus into additional revenue for the firm, supply of firms is relatively fixed for home firms and dependent on the nature of the opposition the away fans supply may change, such as rival’s will bring higher demand. Selling seats empty seats should be done that marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost. Clubs charge different prices according to age, stadium seat, and degree of competition on the game. Profit maximisation may be required for these teams which have the lack of backing of wealthy owners; clubs such as Everton and Blackburn lack wealthy owners, profit maximisation is needed for them to financially survive. Cost are very substantiation in this market and continuously rising from players wages and transfer fees, if profit maximisation is not regarded, and success of the club in the longer term they will see a negative flows There is often dispute between the stakeholders within the firms, such as shareholders would want profit maximisation as the main objective, rather than the manager’s success, subjected to a minimum profit constraint, Profit satisfying, may be a better approach to clubs allowing more objectives of the firms to be met rather than having maximum profit, this provides the foundation of other objectives in the long term, like growth and survival. Growth maximisation is another objective for firms within the spectator sports, growing such football teams is different from profit maximisation, is such that extra profit is reinvested into the football team and improving and strengthening team. Such have been seen in Arsenal of the last years with a huge improvement in their infrastructure. With this increase in the size of the firm will bring many additional funding such from advertisements and sponsors, making ti difficulty to take over the club, resulting into economies of scale and letting AR not increasing as much or even falling, producing where MR=0, but subjected to a minimum profit constraint. Other firms objectives may be survival financially and able to maintain league status (not being regulated to lower league), with such objectives is important for sporting clubs like wolves and Bolton, with the absent of wealthy owners who want to overspend on teams, they will have a reduce financial flow from lower advertising sponsors, and general demand of the clubs will fall. Affecting the level of quality of the pitch with the team unable to pay talented players wages. Social Objective some clubs offer positive externalities such as health and improve quality of lives in deprived areas, government funding is vital in smaller clubs allows more resources to be used e.g. labour and better maintenance of pitch. Government subsidy may be required to keep the club for survival. There are conflicts between the polices the sporting club adopts, also the view between different stakeholders of the firm is not homogenous The distinction must be made between the short term and long term of behaviour of the firms, such objectives will conflict with profit maximisation. Such during the short term sales maximisation is required but this is linked with growth of the team, Regulation has greatly changed in spectator sports and currently on the verge to change to improve the level of contestability and engage healthy competition between teams which is fairer. Overtime also the contestability of the league (market) will likely to change; this is positively determined by the strength of the extent of barriers to entry and exist. With changes especially within the football industry have seen a higher concentration ration of clubs of gaining major trophy, they have the available amount of capital used to improve clubs performance. This is decreasing the contestability of the market; smaller teams are unable to compete with elite clubs. Manchester united was owned by BskyB, but the deal blocked by the competition commission, this will increase the substantial monopoly Man Utd already has, and damaging the competition of the premier league and other cups, such a merger will increase television rights, acting a barrier to entry for other teams. Regulation in the future and present will affect the market, and hopefully making it more competitive. Such introducing more home-grown players and transfer market limits. From here the market is greatly segmented, with a large number of sub markets (different leagues), spectators sports clubs are not a group which can be viewed as homogenous, there is vast differences between objectives of firms within the whole spectator sport industry, and the different stakeholders of a firm

Les Liaisons Dangereuses :: essays research papers

Les Liaisons Dangereuses is a complex and disturbing portrayal of the noble class in pre-revolutionary France. Set in the late eighteenth century during the latter part of the Ancien Regime, Les Liaisons weaves a web of cold, calculated betrayal of the most immoral kind. The story unfolds in the form of letters written between the principal characters, giving it a unique literary texture. By using this style, de Laclos is able to give the reader a shockingly intimate look at these people as they divulge their most intimate secrets and bring to fruition their sinister plans. The protagonists, The Marquise de Merteuil and the Vicomte de Valmont, consider it their life’s ambition to sadistically control and dominate those around them through sexual intrigue. These two villains are indeed locked in psychological combat to see who can actually ‘out-do’ the other in stalking, capturing and destroying the souls of others. Taking absolute pleasure in ripping any virtue from the hearts of their prey, Merteuil and Valmont wave their accomplishments in front of each other like spoils of war. The less the chance of surrender, the more relentless is the pursuit. The story begins with the Marquise de Merteuil corresponding with Vicomte de Valmont regarding a luscious new act of ‘revenge’, as she describes it, against the Comte de Gercourt. The young Cecile de Volanges has just come home from the convent and her marriage to Gercourt has been arranged. However, before he can wed the innocent child, Merteuil proposes Valmont ‘educate’ her, thus spoiling Gercourt’s fancy for untarnished convent girls. Valmont is uninterested in such an easy seduction and is far more aroused by the thought of lulling The Presidente’ de Tourvel, the very epitome of virtue, into submission. And so the tale unfolds. Valmont eventually beds the virgin Cecile in order to humor Merteuil, however, the conquest of Madam de Tourvel is his passion and he indulges in this pursuit until he reaches the intended conclusion. Although, it would be a mistake to depict Valmont as anything but the monster that he is, there seems to be a small measure of actual ‘affection’ for Tourvel, however short-lived. Once Valmont shares this strange and unexpected interest in Madame de Tourvel, The Marquise de Merteuil is enraged, considering it an appalling sign of weakness. In order to save face, Valmont returns to his ruthless ways, thus completing the destruction of Madame de Tourvel, who had ultimately fallen madly in love with Valmont.

Align Risk, Threats, & Vulnerabilities Essay

a. Unauthorized access from public internet – HIGH b. User destroys data in application and deletes all files – LOW c. Workstation OS has a known software vulnerability – HIGH d. Communication circuit outages – MEDIUM e. User inserts CD’s and USB hard drives with personal photos, music and videos on organization owned computers – MEDIUM 2. a. PO9.3 Event Identification – Identify threats with potential negative impact on the enterprise, including business, regulatory, legal, technology, trading partner, human resources and operational aspects. b. PO9.4 Risk Assessment – Assess the likelihood and impact of risks, using qualitative and quantitative methods. c. PO9.5 Risk Response – Develop a response designed to mitigate exposure to each risk – Identify risk strategies such as avoidance, reduction, acceptance – determine associated responsibilities; and consider risk tolerance levels. a. Unauthorized access from public internet – AVAILABILITY b. User destroys data in application and deletes all files – INTEGRITY c. Workstation OS has a known software vulnerability – CONFIDENTIALITY d. Communication circuit outages – AVAILABILITY e. User inserts CD’s and USB hard drives with personal photos, music and videos on organization owned computers – INTEGRITY 4. a. Unauthorized access from public internet – Operating system, software patches, updates, change passwords often, and hardware or software firewall. b. User destroys data in application and deletes all files – Restrict access for users to only those systems, applications, and data needed to perform their jobs. Minimize write/delete permissions to the data owner only. c. Workstation OS has a known software vulnerability – Define a workstation application software vulnerability window policy. Update application software and security patches according to defined policies, standards, procedures, and guidelines. d. Communication circuit outages – the role of countermeasures against catastrophic failures is not to eliminate them which is impossible, but to reduce their frequency and severity. e. User inserts CD’s and USB hard drives with personal photos, music and videos on organization owned computers – Disable internal CD drives and USB ports. Enable automatic antivirus scans for inserted media drives, files and e-mail attachments. An antivirus scanning system examines all new files on your computer’s hard drive for viruses. Set up antivirus scanning for e-mails with attachments. The Risk Management Process a. Step 1 Identify the hazards b. Step 2 Decide who might be harmed and how c. Step 3 Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions d. Step 4 Record your findings and implement them e. Step 5 Review your assessment and update if necessary 5. a. Threat or Vulnerability #1: * Information – Social engineering/ install web filtering software. * Application – Malicious and non-malicious threats consist of inside attacks by disgruntled or malicious employees and outside attacks by non-employees just looking to harm and disrupt an organization/ computer security, software quality, and data quality programs. * Infrastructure – Terrorist organizations, both foreign and domestic/Natural forces such as time, weather and neglect. * People – Careless employees/Educating users b. Threat or Vulnerability #2: * Information – Intentional/Unintentional Action, battery backup/generator, journaling file system and RAID storage * Application – Software bugs/ malicious act, antivirus protection and network firewalls * Infrastructure – Power failure, Hardware failure/security fixes and system patches * People – malicious act/ Educating users c. Threat or Vulnerability #3: * Information – zero-hour or day zero/ Zero-day protection, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) * Application – Keeping the computer’s software up-to-date * Infrastructure – malicious software/analyze, test, report and mitigate. * People – Careless employees/Educating users 6. True or False – COBIT P09 Risk Management controls objectives focus on assessment and management of IT risk. 7. Why is it important to address  each identified threat or vulnerability from a C-I-A perspective? 8. When assessing the risk impact a threat or vulnerability has on your â€Å"information† assets, why must you align this assessment with your Data Classification Standard? How can a Data Classification Standard help you assess the risk impact on your â€Å"information† assets? 9. When assessing the risk impact a threat or vulnerability has on your â€Å"application† and â€Å"infrastructure†, why must you align this assessment with both a server and application software vulnerability assessment and remediation plan? 10. When assessing the risk impact a threat or vulnerability has on your â€Å"people†, we are concerned with users and employees within the User Domain as well as the IT security practitioners who must implement the risk mitigation steps identified. How can you communicate to your end-user community that a security threat or vulnerability has been identified for a production system or application? How can you prioritize risk remediation tasks? 11. What is the purpose of using the COBIT risk management framework and approach? Assess the likelihood and impact of risks, using qualitative and quantitative methods. 12. What is the difference between effectiveness versus efficiency when assessing risk and risk management? Effectiveness is following the instruction of a specific job while efficiency is doing the instruction in lesser time and cost. They say Effectiveness is doing what’s right and efficiency is doing things rightly done. 13. Which three of the seven focus areas pertaining to IT risk management are primary focus areas of risk assessment and risk management and directly relate to information system security? 14. Why is it important to assess risk impact from four different perspectives as part of the COBIT P09 Framework? It assigns responsibility. 15. What is the name of the organization who defined the COBIT P09 Risk Management Framework Definition? Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA).